Micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose from virgin and recycled fibers: A comparative study of its effects on the properties of hygiene tissue paper

This study aims to understand the effect of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) on tensile index, softness, water absorbency tissue paper. MNFC was produced from four different fiber sources. The results show that acts as an effective strength enhancer at expense a reduced softness. impact source manufacturing cost trade-off with performance also investigated. MNFCs southern bleached hardwood kraft, northern softwood deinked pulp exhibited similar trends having significantly lower cost. suggests degrees fibrillation may be used interchangeably regardless source, revealing possibility minimize costs based selection. Eucalyptus kraft showed lowest degree improvements among evaluated.